| Peer-Reviewed

Mathematical Modeling, Design and Development of Light-Weight Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe Based Quadrotor for Monitoring an Outdoor Environment

Received: 29 January 2021     Accepted: 24 March 2021     Published: 29 April 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The quadcopter, also known as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), is a revolutionary innovation that has a great deal of potential. Modern quadrotors are transforming into small, powerful, light-weight, and agile vehicles. For the study, a variety of multirotor configurations were created before settling on a quadcopter structure. Our current focus is on mounting and designing a new polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe-based outdoor quadrotor setup. The quadcopter's controller is built based on the estimated mass output by decomposing the mathematical model, selecting the required motors, and using coherent electronic modules to track the outdoor environment. Quadrotor will take-off without generating any torque in the body casing. Rotors attached with motors generate thrust in the upward direction entirely based on the shape and dimension of the rotors. The proposed algorithm has strengthened the theory of nonlinear system output feedback control. The output control of a nonlinear system with parametric and functional uncertainties, as well as the input delay, is the most significant problem the configuration's materials were solely based on mass and forces acting on them. In this research we proposed a delayed roll and pitch angle reaction with standard specifications, and the faster roll and pitch angle reaction with appropriate parameters Quadrotor serves as the central body, tracking all controllable functions. Test results are then presented in order to show balanced flight performance.

Published in Mathematical Modelling and Applications (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.mma.20210601.12
Page(s) 10-16
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Quadrotor, Light-Weight, Unmanned Air Vehicle, Polyvinyl Chloride, Control

References
[1] C. Coza, C. Nicol, C. J. B. Macnab, and A. Ramirez-Serrano, “Adaptive fuzzy control for a quadrotor helicopter robust to wind buffeting,” J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst., vol. 22, pp. 267–283, 2011.
[2] Y. Tao et al., “A PID and fuzzy logic based method for Quadrotor aircraft control motion,” J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 2975–2983, 2016.
[3] J. Estevez, M. Graña, and J. M. Lopez-Guede, “Online fuzzy modulated adaptive PD control for cooperative aerial transportation of deformable linear objects,” Integr. Comput. Aided. Eng., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 41–55, 2017.
[4] K. Choutri, L. Mohand, and L. Dala, “Design of search and rescue system using autonomous Multi-UAVs,” vol. 1, pp. 1–12, 2020.
[5] K. M. Zemalache, L. Beji, and H. Maaref, “Two inertial models of X4-flyers dynamics, motion planning and control,” Integr. Comput. Aided. Eng., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 107–119, 2007.
[6] L. A. Paramo et al., “Quadrotor stabilization by Fuzzy Kalman Filter,” J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst., vol. 38, pp. 4485–4494, 2020.
[7] S. Id and W. Count, “Modified WingsFrame Design of a Low Cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Quad Rotor by using the PlasticRubber Air Tube for Vertical Takeoff and Landing on Water & Dry,” 2017.
[8] A. A. Pyrkin, A. A. Bobtsov, S. A. Kolyubin, O. I. Borisov, and V. S. Gromov, “Output controller for quadcopters based on mathematical model decomposition,” 2014 22nd Mediterr. Conf. Control Autom. MED 2014, pp. 1281–1286, 2014.
[9] G. S. B. Shaik Himam Saheb, “Design and Analysis of Light Weight Agriculture Robot,” Glob. J. Res. Eng., vol. 17, no. 6, 2017.
[10] M. Sudarma, I. B. Alit Swamardika, and A. Mas Pratama, “Design of quadcopter robot as a disaster environment remote monitor,” Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 188–197, 2016.
[11] A. SS and M. R, “Design and Fabrication of Voice Controlled Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,” J. Aeronaut. Aerosp. Eng., vol. 5, no. 2, 2016.
[12] S. K. Phang, C. Cai, B. M. Chen, and T. H. Lee, “Design and Mathematical Modeling of a 4-Standard-Propeller.pdf,” pp. 3270–3275.
[13] G. Ostojić, S. Stankovski, B. Tejić, N. Dukić, and S. Tegeltija, “Design, control and application of quadcopter,” Int. J. Ind. Eng. Manag., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 43–48, 2015.
[14] D. B B V L and P. Singh, “A survey on design and development of an unmanned aerial vehicle (quadcopter),” Int. J. Intell. Unmanned Syst., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 70–106, 2016.
[15] S. Badr, O. Mehrez, and A. E. Kabeel, “A novel modification for a quadrotor design,” in 2016 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems, ICUAS 2016, 2016.
[16] D. Fitzgerald, R. Walker, and D. Campbell, “A Vision Based Forced Landing Site Selection System for an Autonomous UAV,” 2005 Int. Conf. Intell. Sensors, Sens. Networks Inf. Process., pp. 397–402, 2005.
[17] S. K. Phang, K. Li, K. H. Yu, B. M. Chen, and T. H. Lee, “Systematic Design and Implementation of a Micro Unmanned Quadrotor System,” vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 121–141, 2014.
[18] T. T. H. Ng and G. S. B. Leng, “Design of small-scale quadrotor unmanned air vehicles,” vol. 221, pp. 893–906, 2007.
[19] V. Lippiello, F. Ruggiero, and D. Serra, “Emergency landing for a quadrotor in case of a propeller failure: A backstepping approach,” IEEE Int. Conf. Intell. Robot. Syst., no. Iros, pp. 4782–4788, 2014.
[20] O. Dunkley, J. Engel, J. Sturm, and D. Cremers, “Visual-Inertial Navigation for a Camera-Equipped 25 g Nano-Quadrotor,” IROS2014 Aer. Open Source Robot. Work., pp. 4–5, 2014.
[21] J. B. Devaud, S. Najko, P. Le Nah??dic, C. Maussire, E. Zante, and J. Marzat, “Full design of a low-cost quadrotor UAV by student team,” in Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on System Engineering and Technology, ICSET 2012.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Khan Muhammad, Naveed Sheikh, Abdul Rehman. (2021). Mathematical Modeling, Design and Development of Light-Weight Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe Based Quadrotor for Monitoring an Outdoor Environment. Mathematical Modelling and Applications, 6(1), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210601.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Khan Muhammad; Naveed Sheikh; Abdul Rehman. Mathematical Modeling, Design and Development of Light-Weight Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe Based Quadrotor for Monitoring an Outdoor Environment. Math. Model. Appl. 2021, 6(1), 10-16. doi: 10.11648/j.mma.20210601.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Khan Muhammad, Naveed Sheikh, Abdul Rehman. Mathematical Modeling, Design and Development of Light-Weight Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe Based Quadrotor for Monitoring an Outdoor Environment. Math Model Appl. 2021;6(1):10-16. doi: 10.11648/j.mma.20210601.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.mma.20210601.12,
      author = {Khan Muhammad and Naveed Sheikh and Abdul Rehman},
      title = {Mathematical Modeling, Design and Development of Light-Weight Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe Based Quadrotor for Monitoring an Outdoor Environment},
      journal = {Mathematical Modelling and Applications},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {10-16},
      doi = {10.11648/j.mma.20210601.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210601.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mma.20210601.12},
      abstract = {The quadcopter, also known as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), is a revolutionary innovation that has a great deal of potential. Modern quadrotors are transforming into small, powerful, light-weight, and agile vehicles. For the study, a variety of multirotor configurations were created before settling on a quadcopter structure. Our current focus is on mounting and designing a new polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe-based outdoor quadrotor setup. The quadcopter's controller is built based on the estimated mass output by decomposing the mathematical model, selecting the required motors, and using coherent electronic modules to track the outdoor environment. Quadrotor will take-off without generating any torque in the body casing. Rotors attached with motors generate thrust in the upward direction entirely based on the shape and dimension of the rotors. The proposed algorithm has strengthened the theory of nonlinear system output feedback control. The output control of a nonlinear system with parametric and functional uncertainties, as well as the input delay, is the most significant problem the configuration's materials were solely based on mass and forces acting on them. In this research we proposed a delayed roll and pitch angle reaction with standard specifications, and the faster roll and pitch angle reaction with appropriate parameters Quadrotor serves as the central body, tracking all controllable functions. Test results are then presented in order to show balanced flight performance.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Mathematical Modeling, Design and Development of Light-Weight Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe Based Quadrotor for Monitoring an Outdoor Environment
    AU  - Khan Muhammad
    AU  - Naveed Sheikh
    AU  - Abdul Rehman
    Y1  - 2021/04/29
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210601.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.mma.20210601.12
    T2  - Mathematical Modelling and Applications
    JF  - Mathematical Modelling and Applications
    JO  - Mathematical Modelling and Applications
    SP  - 10
    EP  - 16
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1794
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mma.20210601.12
    AB  - The quadcopter, also known as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), is a revolutionary innovation that has a great deal of potential. Modern quadrotors are transforming into small, powerful, light-weight, and agile vehicles. For the study, a variety of multirotor configurations were created before settling on a quadcopter structure. Our current focus is on mounting and designing a new polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe-based outdoor quadrotor setup. The quadcopter's controller is built based on the estimated mass output by decomposing the mathematical model, selecting the required motors, and using coherent electronic modules to track the outdoor environment. Quadrotor will take-off without generating any torque in the body casing. Rotors attached with motors generate thrust in the upward direction entirely based on the shape and dimension of the rotors. The proposed algorithm has strengthened the theory of nonlinear system output feedback control. The output control of a nonlinear system with parametric and functional uncertainties, as well as the input delay, is the most significant problem the configuration's materials were solely based on mass and forces acting on them. In this research we proposed a delayed roll and pitch angle reaction with standard specifications, and the faster roll and pitch angle reaction with appropriate parameters Quadrotor serves as the central body, tracking all controllable functions. Test results are then presented in order to show balanced flight performance.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Mathematics, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

  • Department of Mathematics, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

  • Department of Mathematics, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

  • Sections